为了更好地传播知识，推动期刊国际合作，本刊与《城市研究》（Urban Studies）杂志达成网络合作，不定期推送友刊的精选文章摘要。读者们可以借此了解国际城市研究的新动向，同时学习城市研究领域学术英文的正规表达。欢迎大家批评指正。Comparative urbanism
for hope and healing: Urbicide and the dilemmas of reconstruction in post-war
Syria and Poland希望与治愈的比较城市研究——城市杀戮与战后叙利亚和波兰的重建困境Joanna Kusiak（英国剑桥大学）
Ammar Azzouz（英国牛津大学）
Abstract: This paper expands the repertoire of
comparative urbanism by putting forward a method of ‘hopeful comparison’, in
which we explore an asynchronous comparison between post-war Poland and Syria.
Similar to the way that Polish architects used urban design as a ‘practice of
hope’ during the Second World War, contemporary Syrian architects are now
drafting reconstruction plans even if their implementation does not seem
politically possible. Yet what role can an ethical, affective stance such as
hope play in the methodology of comparative urbanism? In our comparative
strategy the role of radical hope is threefold. First, it creates the
comparative connection between two cities destroyed by urbicide, thus
countering the destructive connectivities of war and, in case of Syria, capitalism,
and foregrounding resilience and human connection (which also opens up the
potential of healing). Second, radical hope provides a temporal reorientation
of knowledge, redirecting the analysis from the traumatic past towards an open
future. Third, in this way a hopeful comparison becomes a practical tool for
thinking through concrete ethical and political dilemmas concerning
reconstruction and property regimes. How to think about reconstruction when the
conflict is still ongoing, and, if the property system is now weaponised as
part of the conflict, how to avoid inadvertently reproducing this violence in
the process of property restitution and reconstruction.摘要：本文通过提出一种"有希望的比较"的方法，扩大了比较城市研究的范围，我们在其中探讨了战后波兰和叙利亚之间的非同步比较。与波兰建筑师在第二次世界大战期间将城市设计作为"希望的实践"相似，当代叙利亚建筑师正在起草重建计划，即使其实施在政治上似乎并不可行。那么，像希望这样的伦理、情感立场在比较城市研究的方法论中能发挥什么作用呢？在我们的比较策略中，激进希望的作用有三个方面。首先，它创造了两个被杀戮摧毁的城市之间的比较联系，从而对抗战争的破坏性联系（对于叙利亚而言，则是资本主义的破坏性联系），并强调复原力和人类联系（这也开启了治愈的潜力）。第二，激进的希望提供了一种知识在时间上的重新定位，将分析从创伤性的过去转向一个开放的未来。第三，通过这种方式，一个有希望的比较成为思考有关重建和财产制度的具体伦理和政治困境的实用工具。当冲突仍在进行时，如何思考重建问题，如果财产制度现在作为冲突的一部分被武器化，如何避免在财产归还和重建的过程中无意识地再现这种暴力。Keywords: affect, comparative methods, comparative
urbanism, hope, post-war reconstruction, property, trauma, urbicide关键词：影响，比较方法，比较城市研究，希望，战后重建，财产，创伤，城市杀戮原文地址：https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980231163978
Bottom-up cluster branding
through boundary spanners: The case of the Jingdezhen ceramics cluster in China
通过跨界者自下而上打造集群品牌——以中国景德镇陶瓷集群为例
Di Wu（中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所流域地理学重点实验室）Neil M. Coe（澳大利亚悉尼大学地球科学学院）首次出版时间：2023/4/24｜研究论文
Abstract: It is increasingly recognised that for
clusters to evolve and initiate new developmental paths, they need to bring in
various external resources, especially external human capital. However,
external talent often has imperfect knowledge regarding distant places; hence,
a key challenge for clusters is to overcome this lack of knowledge and
unfamiliarity to ensure that external talent becomes aware of the cluster’s
local assets and the possibilities for (re)locating there. It is thus important
for clusters to engage in cluster branding: that is, to promote its assets
‘outwards’ and to build-up a positive, renowned brand-name. While place
branding is already an established theme in urban geography, cluster branding
has hitherto been under-examined in the extant cluster literature in economic
geography. Moreover, both the well-researched place-branding literature and the
limited cluster-branding literature tend to be primarily concerned with
official, top-down branding, initiated by government agencies. This article,
instead, shows that branding can also involve organic, bottom-up processes
driven by the agency of diverse individual actors, working in tandem with
governmental actors. Through a case study of an arts and creative cluster, the
Jingdezhen ceramics cluster in China, it unpacks how resourceful individual
actors – conceptualised as boundary spanners – have become powerful agents in
increasing the cluster’s legitimacy and visibility in the relevant industries
through their personal networks and mobility, thereby contributing to
attracting external talent into the cluster. More specifically, the study
identifies three bottom-up cluster branding mechanisms, namely: convening
temporary clusters locally; participating in external temporary clusters; and
representing through digital media.摘要：人们越来越认识到，集群要想发展和启动新的发展路径，就需要引进各种外部资源，特别是外部人力资本。然而，外部人才往往对遥远的地方缺乏了解；因此，集群面临的一个关键挑战是克服这种知识缺乏和不熟悉的情况，以确保外部人才了解集群的本地资产和迁移过去的各种可能性。因此，集群必须开展集群品牌建设：即向外推广其资产，建立一个积极的、知名的品牌。虽然地方品牌建设已经是城市地理学中的一个既定主题，但在经济地理学现有的集群文献中，对集群品牌建设的研究还不够深入。此外，无论是已经较为丰富的地方品牌建设文献还是仍然有限的集群品牌建设文献，都倾向于重点关注由政府机构发起的官方的、自上而下的品牌建设。相反，本文表明，品牌建设也可以是由多样化的个人行为者发挥自己的作用，与政府行为者合作发起的、有机的、自下而上的过程。通过对中国景德镇陶瓷艺术和创意产业集群的案例研究，本文解读了资源丰富的个人行为者（被概念化为跨界者）如何通过自己的个人网络和流动性，成为提高产业集群合法性和知名度的有力推动者，进而为吸引外部人才进入产业集群做出贡献。更具体地说，本研究发现了三个自下而上的集群品牌建设机制，即：在当地召集临时集群；参与外部临时集群；以及通过数字媒体进行宣传。Keywords: cluster, place branding, ceramics, creative
industries, China原文地址：https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980231163778
Commodifying Havana?
Private accumulation, assetisation and marketisation in the Cuban metropolis
哈瓦那商业化？古巴大都市区的私人积累、资产化和市场化Gertjan Wijburg（比利时鲁汶大学）
Abstract: In the Global South, cities are increasingly
restructuring themselves around the financial pressures of international
capital markets. Therefore, it is sometimes hypothesised that financial
innovations created in the Global North are moving ‘South’. However, even though transnational
capital is finding its way into Southern regions and other areas of reform, the
road towards urban commodification is bumpy and uneven. In Havana, Cuba, the
government recently legalised free market home sales, contributing to an
unprecedented transnational property boom where many homes were acquired by
Cuban émigrés and nationals and
converted into restaurants, hotels or short-term rentals. Nevertheless, due to
endogenous and exogenous market restraints, the pandemic and complex
interactions between state authorities and property-owning private
entrepreneurs, Cuban-style commodification remains an incomplete and contested
process. Even so, non-debt bearing assetisation pressures are clearly
redefining Havana’s socialist property market. While
the state encourages foreign direct investment into state-owned hotels and
joint ventures, transnational remittances contribute to the commodification of
Havana’s private housing stock.
摘要：在全球南方，城市正日益围绕国际资本市场的金融压力进行自我重组。因此，人们有时会推断，全球北方创造的金融创新正在“南移”。然而，尽管跨国资本正在进入南方地区和其他改革区域，但城市商品化的道路却是崎岖不平的。在古巴哈瓦那，政府最近将房屋买卖自由市场合法化，这带来了前所未有的跨国房地产投资热潮，许多房屋被古巴移民和国民收购，并被改造成餐馆、酒店或短租房。然而，由于内生和外生市场限制、疫情、政府部门和拥有物业的私营企业家之间的复杂互动，古巴式的商品化仍然是一个未完成和有争议的过程。即便如此，非债务资产化的压力显然正在重新定义哈瓦那的社会主义房地产市场。在国家鼓励外商直接投资于国有酒店和合资企业的同时，跨国汇款促进了哈瓦那私人住房的商品化。Keywords: commodification, financialisation, Global South,
post-socialism, private homeownership, tourism property关键词：商品化，金融化，全球南方，后社会主义，私人住房所有权，旅游地产原文地址：https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980231165381
Beyond urban
ecomodernism: How can degrowth-aligned spatial practices enhance urban
sustainability transformations
超越城市生态现代主义——与去增长相关的空间实践如何促进城市可持续性转型Alejandro De Castro Mazarro（德国莱布尼茨生态城市与区域发展研究所）Ritu George Kaliaden（德国莱布尼茨生态城市与区域发展研究所）Wolfgang Wende（德国莱布尼茨生态城市与区域发展研究所）Markus Egermann（德国莱布尼茨生态城市与区域发展研究所）
Abstract: For spatial practices such as architecture,
urban design and planning, degrowth remains an abstract concept, as there is no
clear alignment of its principles into spatial strategies. To bridge this gap,
this paper examines how degrowth can be operationalised into sustainable
spatial practices. Through a review of more than 200 sustainable spatial
projects across the world operating at the building, neighbourhood and citywide
scales, the paper shows that while the majority of sustainable interventions
representative of dominant architecture and urban design culture do not align
to degrowth principles, a significant number of examples using sustainability
strategies such as convivial technologies, building retrofitting, urban
renaturation and revitalisation, eco-urbanisation and spatial infrastructure
upgrading are in fact aligned to degrowth principles. We suggest that these
examples form a potential stepping-stone to enable an urban design and building
culture rooted in a degrowth agenda, however further research and
conceptualisation are needed to enable this to happen.摘要：对于建筑、城市设计和规划等空间实践来说，去增长仍然是一个抽象概念，因为其原则与空间策略没有明确的结合。为了弥合这一差距，本文研究了如何将去增长有效操作，使之成为可持续的空间实践。通过考查全球200多个在建筑、社区和城市范围内运营的可持续空间项目，本文表明，虽然大多数代表主流建筑和城市设计文化的可持续干预措施不符合去增长原则，但相当多的使用可持续性战略的例子，如共生技术、建筑改造、城市复兴和振兴、生态城市化和空间基础设施升级，实际上都符合去增长原则。我们认为，这些例子构成了一个可能会使城市设计和建筑文化植根于去增长议程的中间步骤，但是还需要进一步的研究和概念化来实现这一点。Keywords: architecture, degrowth, ecomodernism, urban
design, urban sustainability transformation, urban theory关键词：建筑，去增长，生态现代主义，城市设计，城市可持续发展转型，城市理论原文地址：https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980221148107
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